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Cambridge opdracht CKV

The Fitzwilliam Museum

The Fitzwilliam Museum is named after it’s founder, Richard, 7th Viscount Fitzwilliam of Merrion (1745-1816) . During his life he collected a lot of art from all around the world, for instance Verone’s Hermes, Herse and Anglauros . After his death in 1816 his collection was placed in The Fitzwilliam Museum, which was built for him and was opened 32 years later.

Ever since then the collection has been growing by gifts and bequest. This was later further emphasised by Sir Sidney Colvin, Cambridge’s Slade Professor of Fine Art in his time, who became the first director of the Museum in 1876. By the time Colvin resigned in 1883 plans were made to build a separate Museum of Classical Archaeology.

Prem really liked the Greek and Roman part because he finds the story’s behind every sculpture very interesting. The thing he drew was also from this part of the museum, it being a sculpture of a Roman emperor who was made to look like the god of wine, Dionysus. It was very common for emperors to do this, giving the impression to people that they were related to the mighty Gods.

Robin also drew an item from the Fitzwilliam museum, a helmet, a close helmet to be precise. This helmet comes from the North of Europe, and was forged around 1600. A close helmet means that the entire head is covered, so it provides great protection. But the biggest problem with this helmet was getting enough air to breathe. That is why this close helmet has a few holes to breath through. It is also really hard to take off the helmet. That is why this helmet has a special buffe on the front side of the face, the 'falling buffe'. There is a catch on the side of the helmet that allowes the buffe to fall down to the chin, which exposes the face. It could be easily raised if that was required.

The close helmet consists of two parts, the visor, which protects the eyes, nose and other parts of the head, and the bevor, which protects the lower face and the neck. The visor has one big hole for the eyes to look through, and the smaller holes for ventilation.

The Round Church

Only four round churches now survive in England. They are the Temple Church in London, Little Maplestead in Essex, St Sepulchre's in Northampton and Holy Sepulchre here in Cambridge.

One mythical story is that all round churches belonged to the Templars. This isn’t true though. Both the Templars had strong links with Palestine, of course, and the usual explanation for the shape of these churches is that they were built in the style of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.

However The Round Church here was founded by a 'Confraternity of the Holy Sepulchre', who were given the land by Abbot Reinald of Ramsey between 1114 and 1130. This aside, nothing is known about the Confraternity.

The church was built around 1130. It soon became a parish church. It is now no longer an active parish church, but it's open most of the time. The building has been more battered by the centuries than most of Cambridge's churches. Eight solid pillars hold up the central lantern. The pillars are fat things, with Norman decorations on the capitals. Then there rises a little triforium, with very delicate pillars in the middle of two-light openings. Above that the 19th century clerestory rises. The windows in the ambulatory and the clerestory contain amazing looking glass. The colours are bright, and the style looks very medieval. Many are copies of windows existing elsewhere - there is an image of Adam taken from Canterbury Cathedral, for example.

The first extension, of the round part of the church, eastwards was made in the 13th century, but the latest work that survives is in the north chapel, which is 15th century. The angels on the roof in the north chapel are nice, although the wood is very dark, and the light is very bad. Apperantly, the angels are 15th century.

I'm not so sure that it matters, really. Here, at least, we have a lot for which to thank the Camden Society - had they not intervened in the 1840s, it is likely that the church wouldn't have been here today. Part of the joy of church-spotting is that these buildings were always getting extended, rebuilt and 'improved' as the centuries passed. Of course, one might say that the 19th century restoration is just another part of this story - and that would be right.

The Trinity College

The Trinity College is a college of the University of Cambridge in England. With around 600 undergraduates, 300 graduates, and over 180 fellows, it is the largest college in either of the Oxbridge universities by number of undergraduates. By combined student numbers, it is second to Homerton College.

Members of Trinity have won 32 Nobel Prizes out of the 91 won by the University, the highest number of any college. Five in maths were won by members of the college (of the six awarded to members of British universities) and one Abel Prize was won.

The history of Trinity goes back to the time when Henry VIII ruled England and most of its buildings date from the 16th and 17th centuries. The beauty of Trinity’s courts attract visitors from all over the world. Trinity College was founded by Henry VIII in 1546. Michaelhouse had existed since 1324; King’s Hall had been established by Edward II in 1317 and refounded by Edward III in 1337. Trinity’s flag is flown on special occasions, it’s design is the royal standard of Edward II.

The oldest parts of the College date from the time of King’s Hall, including the range behind the Clock Tower and and the Great Gate, which was built at the beginning of the 16th century. The tower once stood about 20 yards from where it is now and was moved to its present site when Great Court was laid out.
Many of the buildings that we see today were built through the efforts of Thomas Nevile, who became Master of Trinity in 1593, including the main features of Great Court and a large part of the beautiful court on the side of the Hall. Nevile’s Court was completed in the late 17th century.

The College grew rapidly in importance during the century after its foundation and by 1564 it accounted for about a quarter of the total number of resident members of the University.

The College’s symbol is an Argent, a chevron between three roses gules barbed and seeded proper and on a chief gules a lion passant gardant between two closed books.

Stephen Hawking

Stephen Hawking is one of the smartest, if not the smartest, human- beigns to have ever lived. He was born on 8 January 1942 in Oxford, England. His parents' house was in north London, but during the second world war, Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight, his family moved to St. Albans, a town near London. At the age of eleven, Stephen went to St. Albans School and then on to University College, Oxford. Stephen wanted to study Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years, he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.

Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no one working in that area in Oxford at the time. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973, Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics in 1979, and held the title of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics from 1979 until 2009. Stephen is still an active part of Cambridge University and has an office at the Department for Applied Maths and Theoretical Physics. His title is now the Dennis Stanton Avery and Sally Tsui Wong-Avery Director of Research at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics. Hawking has twelve honorary degrees. He was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes, is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.

Stephen was diagnosed with ALS when he was 21. In spite of being wheelchair bound and dependent on a computerised voice system for communication Stephen Hawking continues to combine family life (he has three children and three grandchildren), and his research into theoretical physics together with an extensive programme of travel and public lectures. He still hopes to make it into space one day

Hawking is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the US. In 2002, Hawking was ranked number 25 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge between 1979 and 2009 and has achieved commercial success with works of popular science in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general; his book A Brief History of Time appeared on the British Sunday Times best-seller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks. A few others of the popular things Stephen Hawking has published include his best sellers Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays, The Universe in a Nutshell, The Grand Design and My Brief History.

The Backs Park

The park that we chose is called The Backs. It is one of the most famous parks in Cambridge. On the left side of the park, there's Queens Road, and on the right side of the park, there's King college. The name 'The Backs' refers to the back of the colleges. It is famous because of the canal that goes through the park. From the canal you have a great view of the Kings College Chapel. Several famous bridges cross the river Cam including the Mathematical Bridge and the Bridge of Sighs.

It provides stunning views throughout the year. The Backs is a Grade 1 Historic Park. St John's College consulted English landscape architect Lancelot 'Capability' Brown, who laid out a 'wilderness' on the college side of Queen's Road that still exists today.

In the 16th century, the area consisted of pasture, gardens and orchards owned by the University's colleges, with wooden bridges across the Cam. Over time, the colleges planted avenues of trees and built sturdier bridges. In 1772, St John's College consulted English landscape architect Lancelot Brown , who laid out a "wilderness" on the college side of Queen's Road which still exists today.

Robin Tangelder & Prem Chatterjee